Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, like to live where it is warm, dark and moist. Feet are an ideal breeding ground for infection if the proper steps are not taken to prevent and protect. Skin is a protective layer from the environment and from bacteria and fungi. The tips and tops of our toes are susceptible to irritation and possible breaks in the skin which can result in subsequent infection.
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Symptoms
Depending on the type of infection, it will present differently. Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin and will appear red, warm and swollen. A fungal skin infection is known as tinea pedis or athlete’s foot and causes a reddish or white rash that may be itchy or burn. Skin infections can also erupt in the form of vesicles or pustules, which are small bumps filled with clear fluid or pus, respectively. Bacterial and fungal skin infections on the tips and tops of the toes are typically warm to the touch, appear red or discoloured and will feel irritated which causes pain and discomfort.
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Causes
When there is a break in the protective skin layer, infection is more likely to occur. Breaks in the skin create a portal of entry for bacteria and fungi. The most common bacteria to cause a skin infection is Staphylococcus aureus. This bacteria exists almost everywhere, including on normal skin and in the environment. The most common fungus found in this area of the foot is a dermatophyte. Dermatophytes have the ability to break down the keratin in our skin leading to subsequent rash and irritation. Bacteria and fungi are transmitted person-to-person and are therefore contagious. Sharing shoes, showers, and pedicure sinks and tools are common culprits.
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Treatment
Skin infections can be managed at home if they are mild. Washing feet daily with a mild or antibacterial soap and drying well afterwards will help keep the surface of the skin clean. There are over-the-counter antibacterial and antifungal treatments in the form of topical creams and solutions. After bathing feet, apply the topical cream or solution to the affected area twice a day. If you suspect an infection is present, it is best to seek the advice of a medical footcare clinician. A prescription topical treatment may be needed to prevent worsening and complications.
