Fissures are cracks in the skin commonly associated with dry skin and callus. The skin around the heels is particularly at risk for cracks because they endure a considerable amount of stress and pressure from the weight of the body during gait. Fissures can vary in depth from superficial to deep. Deep fissures are typically open and may lead to more serious complications such as infection as breaks in the skin are a portal of entry for bacteria, fungus and viruses.
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Symptoms
Heel fissures can be quite sore and may bleed if they are in fact open. If bleeding occurs, a scab may develop. Callus is frequently built up around the heels where fissures have formed. The skin is often dry and may appear slightly white, peeling or scaly. Fissures can be small or large and there may be one or several on the heel. Pus from the fissure, redness and increased temperature of the surrounding skin can all be indications of infection.
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Causes
The heels endure a considerable amount of stress and pressure from the weight of the body during gait, as they are the first part of the foot to strike the ground. Other causes of heel fissures are obesity, diabetes, thyroid issues, various vitamin or nutrient deficiencies, genetics and skin disorders. Skin disorders that cause excessive dryness of skin are particularly problematic as dry skin is weakened and not as resilient to stress, pressure and injury.
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Treatment
It is always best to seek the advice of a medical footcare clinician if a heel fissure develops. Infection is a common complication and can be avoided with the proper attention, treatment and advice. Callus will need to be reduced using a scalpel blade or file. At home, open cracks can be kept clean with salt water or by using a mild soap and water. Application of an antibacterial cream or ointment will protect against and treat infection. It is best to cover the open area with a bandage or dressing. If heel fissures are compounded by a health issue, advice from a primary care professional will provide insight on what is going on and what should be done next.
