Cellulitis is a bacterial infection in the inner layer of the skin that commonly affects the lower leg. An opening in the skin is known as a portal of entry; this is where bacteria enters causing an infection. Cellulitis is painful and causes redness, warmth in the area and swelling on the surface of the skin. It is a potentially life-threatening issue that requires immediate medical attention to prevent worsening and complications. Even though cellulitis is caused by a bacterial infection, it is not usually spread from person to person.
-
Symptoms
Cellulitis typically occurs in one location firstly; e.g. the leg. It starts as an irritated area of skin, but can quickly spread to become more diffuse across the entire lower leg. Symptoms include: swelling, pain and discomfort, increased temperature on the surface of the skin, blisters or a rash. If cellulitis spreads, the infection can enter the bloodstream causing fever, chills and flu-like symptoms. If these symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is needed.
-
Causes
Cellulitis can occur anywhere on the body, but the most common location is the lower leg. The two most common bacteria that cause cellulitis are Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Infection causing bacteria enters the body through a crack or break in the skin. Dry, flaky, swollen skin, cuts, scratches, puncture wounds, ulcers, Athlete's foot, eczema and dermatitis all affect the integrity of the skin making it weak and more easily penetrated by microorganisms.
-
Treatment
Maintaining the skin’s integrity is crucial to prevent cellulitis. Washing legs and feet daily using a mild soap and applying an emollient afterwards will keep skin clean and moisturised. Make note of any breaks in the skin and seek the advice of a medical footcare clinician or a primary care professional to know the best course of action to prevent complications. Blisters, ulcers or wounds may develop when there is swelling in the lower legs as a result of venous insufficiency. Compression therapy can reduce swelling and edema in legs and ankles and help prevent cellulitis. If you suspect that you have cellulitis, seek medical attention immediately as antibiotics are required.
