Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes an itchy, scaly rash. It most commonly affects the knees, elbows, and scalp, but can occur on any part of the body including the toes. Psoriasis is categorised as an immune-mediated disease that causes skin cells to grow and multiply abnormally resulting in inflammation in the body. It does not weaken the immune system but it is a sign that a person’s immune system is not working as it should. Psoriasis is a chronic disease with no known cure and may lead to other health issues, such as psoriatic arthritis. Depending on how much of the body it affects, it ranges from mild to severe.
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Symptoms
Psoriasis on the feet is sometimes confused with a fungal infection as both cause a similar rash that is often itchy. Psoriasis on the toes will present as slightly raised, red and inflamed patches with silvery scales or plaques on top. Psoriasis typically causes significant dryness which may result in bleeding and cracked skin on the toes. Pain and discomfort will be experienced if cracks in the skin occur. Plaques on the toes are usually located around the toenails and tips of the toes.
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Causes
The cause of psoriasis is not clear but the immune system and genetics both play a role in its development. Trigger events such as stress, injury to the skin, weather, illness, allergies, food, alcohol or the environment may alter the immune system leading to symptoms of psoriasis. Stress is one of the most common triggers of psoriasis and psoriasis may also lead to increased stress. Scratches and bug bites injure the skin and could lead to a flare-up in psoriasis as can the colder weather months which have less sunlight and humidity.
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Treatment
There is no known cure for psoriasis therefore the goal of treatment is symptom management. Stopping skin cells from growing so quickly and removing scales will ease symptoms of psoriasis. It is best to use a mild and fragrance-free soap when washing feet and apply moisturiser daily to maintain the health of the skin. Topical creams and ointments containing corticosteroids, retinoids or coal tar will help with inflammation and scaling. Natural or artificial light therapy is useful in moderate to severe psoriasis. Oral or injected medications may be required if other treatments are not effective. Relaxation techniques, stress management and increased awareness of triggers can also help to reduce the frequency of psoriasis flares.
