A neuroma is a thickening of nerve tissue that can develop in various parts in the body. The most common neuroma in the foot is a Morton’s neuroma, which develops between the third and fourth toes in the ball of the foot. The thickening of the nerve that defines a neuroma is the result of compression and irritation of the nerve. Starting out as a neuritis, persistent compression and irritation may lead to an enlargement of the nerve and discomfort.
What causes a neuroma?
The exact cause of a neuroma is not known but current research suggest it is likely the result of entrapment (compression or squeezing) of the common digital plantar nerves. Compression of the nerve in the web space may trigger swelling and cause abnormal tissue to form in and around the nerve.
Are there risk factors for developing a neuroma?
There are certain circumstances that can increase your risk for developing a neuroma:
- Footwear that is narrow, tight or that has a high heel.
- Sports that place excess stress on the ball of the foot or that typically involve wearing more narrow footwear such as cleats, ski boots or skates.
- Foot deformities such as bunions or hammers toes can change the position of the toes and may place more pressure on the nerves in the foot.
What does a neuroma feel like?
Typically, a neuroma isn’t visible as a bump or change in the skin, but symptoms may include:
- Persistent burning or sharp pain the ball of the foot which could radiate into the toes.
- Sensation of a pebble or marble under the forefoot when walking.
- Pain is most often between the third and fourth toes, but it can occur between the second and third toes as well.
- Numbness or tingling in the toes.
- Symptoms can be aggravated when wearing tight and narrow shoes as they can cause compression on the toe bones which can pinch the nerves in between the toes or a neuroma if it’s developed.
Is a neuroma treatable?
It is possible to find symptom relief for a neuroma. Let’s explore treatment options.
Footwear – Shoes with a wide toe box will allow the front of the foot to spread out and toes to splay naturally. Shoes with a lower heel will prevent the foot from being pitched forward, placing excess pressure on the ball of the foot. Both features will allow the sensitive nerve to heal.
Orthotics – Foot orthotics that are custom-made will provide important support for your feet. Orthotics can be modified with a metatarsal pad or bar which will lift and separate the metatarsal bones in the foot, relieving irritation of the nerve. This will lessen pain and discomfort associated with a neuroma.
Anti-inflammatories – Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen and naproxen can help manage pain and discomfort due to inflammation. A corticosteroid injection into the foot is also an effective treatment and it is delivered locally to the site of the neuroma, relieving inflammation quickly.
Foot neuromas can be painful and annoying. To learn more on how to alleviate symptoms of a neuroma and to discuss your treatment options, contact your local BioPed today to book an assessment with one of our lower limb clinicians. We can help you feel more comfortable so you can do more in life!
